Aan de werkwoorden in een zin kun je zien in welke tijd de zin zich afspeelt. Je kunt die tijd onderverdelen in 3 periodes:

Present tense: tegenwoordige tijd
Past tense: verleden tijd
Future tense: toekomende tijd

Binnen deze tijden kan dan weer een onderverdeling gemaakt worden tussen:

simple
continuous
perfect voltooide tijd

In het overzicht hieronder zijn uitzonderingen en onregelmatige werkwoorden buiten beschouwing gelaten. Het is bedoeld om snel te kunnen zien hoe het nu ook al weer in elkaar steekt.

Tegenwoordige tijd – present tenses

The Present Simple - Ik werk

Gebruik:

 bij een feit, hobby, gewoonte of om toekomst uit te drukkenals het gaat om roosters, tijdschema’s en planningen

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I work I don’t work Do I work? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
You work You don’t work Do you work? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
He/She/It works He/She/It doesn’t work Does he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it does. No, he/she/it doesn’t.
We work We don’t work Do we work? Yes, we do. No, we don’t.
You work You don’t work Do you work? Yes, you do. No, you don’t.
They work They don’t work Do they work Yes, they do. No, they don’t

The Present Continuous ( to be + ww + -ing) – Ik ben aan het werken

Gebruik:

 als iets op dit moment aan de gang is, om een langer durende algemene activiteit aan te geven of om een voornemen in de toekomst aan te geven

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I am working I am not working Am I working? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
You are working You aren’t working Are you working? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
He/She/It is working He/She/It isn’t working Is he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it is. No, he/she/it isn’t.
We are working We aren’t working Are we working? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t.
You are working You aren’t working Are you working? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
They are working They aren’t working Are they working Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

The Present Perfect Simple (to have + voltooid deelwoord) – Ik heb gewerkt

Gebruik:

 iets is in het verleden begonnen en duurt tot nu toe voort of iets is in het verleden gebeurd en het resultaat is nu merkbaar

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I have worked I haven’t worked Have I worked? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
You have worked You haven’t worked Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
He/She/It has worked He/She/It hasn’t worked Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.
We have worked We haven’t worked Have we worked? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
You have worked You haven’t worked Have you worked? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
They have worked They haven’t worked Have they worked? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

The Present Perfect Continuous (have been + ww+ing)- Ik ben aan het werken geweest

Gebruik:

 Bij een activiteit die in het verleden begonnen is en nog steeds voortduurt (en hoeft nog niet afgelopen te zijn). De handeling is belangrijk, niet het resultaat

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I have been working I haven’t been working Have I been working? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.
You have been working Youhaven’t been working Have you been working? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
He/She/It has been working He/She/It hasn’t been working Has he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it hasn’t.
We have been working We haven’t been working Have we been working? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t.
You have been working You haven’t been working Have you been working? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t.
They have been working They haven’t been working Have they been working? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

Verleden tijd – past tenses

The Past Simple - ik werkte

Gebruik:

 iets is in het verleden gebeurd en is nu afgelopen (tijdstip wordt vaak aangegeven)

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I worked I didn’t work Did I work? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.
You worked You didn’t work Did you work? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
He/She/It worked He/She/It didn’t work Did he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it did. No, he/she/it didn’t.
We worked We didn’t work Did we work? Yes, we did. No, we didn’t.
You worked You didn’t work Did you work? Yes, you did. No, you didn’t.
They worked They didn’t work Did they work? Yes, they did. No, they didn’t.

The Past Continuous (was/were + ww + -ing) – ik was aan het werken

Gebruik:

 iets was op een bepaald moment in het verleden een tijdje bezig

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I was working I wasn’t working Was I working? Yes, I was. No, I wasn’t.
You were working You weren’t working Were you working? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
He/She/It was working He/She/It wasn’t working Was he/she/it working? Yes, he/she/it was. No, he/she/it wasn’t.
We were working We weren’t working Were we working? Yes, we were. No, we weren’t.
You were working You weren’t working Were you working? Yes, you were. No, you weren’t.
They were working They weren’t working Were they working? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

The Past Perfect (had + ww+ed) – ik had gewerkt

Gebruik:

 Iets was al gebeurd vóór een ander moment in het verleden

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I had worked I hadn’t worked Had I worked? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t.
You had worked You hadn’t worked Had you worked? Yes, you had. No, you hadn’t.
He/She/It had worked He/She/It hadn’t worked Has he/she/it worked? Yes, he/she/it had. No, he/she/it hadn’t.
We had worked We hadn’t worked Had we worked? Yes, we had. No, we hadn’t.
You had worked You hadn’t worked Had you worked? Yes, you had. No, you hadn’t.
They had worked They hadn’t worked Had they worked? Yes, they had. No, they hadn’t.

The Past Perfect Continuous (had been + ww + -ing) – ik was aan het werken (geweest)

Gebruik:

 Iets was in het verleden bezig toen er iets anders gebeurde

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I had been working I hadn’t been working Had I been working? Yes, I had. No, I hadn’t.
You had been working You hadn’t been working Had you been working? Yes, you had. No, you hadn’t.
He/She/It had been working He/She/It hadn’t been working Had he/she/it been working? Yes, he/she/it had. No, he/she/it hadn’t.
We had been working We hadn’t been working Had we been working? Yes, we had. No, we hadn’t.
You had been working You hadn’t been working Had you been working? Yes, you had. No, you hadn’t.
They had been working They hadn’t been working Had they been working? Yes, they had. No, they hadn’t.

De toekomende tijd – future tenses

Future Simple: will/shall - ik zal werken

Gebruik:

 Om een te zeggen dat iets in de toekomst (waarschijnlijk) zal gebeuren

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I will/shall work I won’t/shan’t work Will/Shall I work? Yes, I will/shall. No, I won’t/shan’t.
You will work You won’t work Will you work? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
He/She/It will work He/She/It will work Will he/she/it work? Yes, he/she/it will. No, he/she/it won’t.
We will/shall work We won’t/shan’t work Will/Shall we work? Yes, we will/shall. No, we won’t/shan’t.
You will work You won’t work Will you work? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
They will work They won’t work Will they work? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.

Future Continuous (will + be + ww + -ing) – Ik zal aan het werk zijn

Gebruik:

 Om aan te geven dat iets in de toekomst een tijdje zal duren

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I will be working I won’t be working Will I be working? Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
You will be working You won’t be working Will you be working? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
He/She/It will be working He/She/It won’t be working Will he/she/it be working? Yes, he/she/it will. No, he/she/it won’t.
We will be working We won’t be working Will we be working? Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
You will be working You won’t be working Will you be working? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
They will be working They won’t be working Will they be working? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.

Future Perfect Continuous (will have been + ww + -ing) – Ik zal aan het werk geweest zijn

Gebruik:

 Om een gebeurtenis in de toekomst te beschrijven die een op een bepaald moment bezig zal zijn (en nog niet afgelopen hoeft te zijn)

Bevestigende zin

Ontkennende zin

Vraag

Kort antwoord positief

Kort antwoord negatief
I will have been working I won’t have been working Will I have been working? Yes, I will. No, I won’t.
You will have been working You won’t have been working Will you have been working? Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
He/She/Iot will have been working He/She/It won’t have been working Will he/she/it have been working Yes, he/she/it will. No, he/she/it won’t.
We will have been working We won’t have been working Will we have been working Yes, we will. No, we won’t.
You will have been working You won’t have been working Will you have been working Yes, you will. No, you won’t.
They will have been working They won’t have been working Will they have been working? Yes, they will. No, they won’t.